Describe the relationship between media and reality Essay

Describe the relationship between media and reality - Essay ExampleThe media can be considered a very influential representation to reality through the essential elements of selection, construction and representation. Each media form, whether electronic or print, process social constructs of an image of event, story, and this may differ to what the society experience in reality (dl.nfsa.gov, Representation). With the two competing theories on media, use theory is more accurate. According to Noam Chamsky, there are 10 strategies of manipulation by the media, taking note on reality TV. The first is the outline of distraction. According to Chomsky, the key element of social control is the dodging of distraction that is to hive off public attention from important issues and changes decided by political and economic elites, through the technique of flood or flooding continuous distractions and insignificant information. The system of distraction is also essential to keep the public interested in the essential knowledge in science, economics, psychology, neurobiology, and cybernetics. The second strategy is to bring forth problems after go solution. Chomsky referred to this strategy as problem-reaction-solution which creates a problem, a situation due to cause some reaction in public, so that it is the principal measures that want to accept. Third strategy is gradation aims to make it accept an unacceptable extent, simply apply it gradually, a dropper, for consecutive years (Chomsky, n.d.). Fourth strategy is defer which Chomsky believes that another counsel to create an unpopular decision to accept is to present it as painful and necessary in obtaining public acceptance for the moment for a future application. It is easier to accept that a future sacrifice of an immediate sacrifice. Fifth strategy according to Chomsky is addressing public as children. This refers to the public as a younger child where characters, arguments and any discourse are performed i n childrens intonation. The next strategy is to use the emotional aspect much more than a reflection. Chomsky put it in a way that making use of emotional aspect is a classic technique to cause a short circuit on rational analysis, and finally to the tiny sense of individuals. Seventh strategy is to keep the public in ignorance and mediocrity. Next strategy is to stimulate the public to be complacent mediocrity (Chomsky, n.d.). Ninth strategy of manipulation of media is strengthening the revolt and lastly is the strategy of the best guys knows what they know if the same. This last strategy portrays that the system has more control and great power everywhere individuals than the individuals themselves (Chomsky, n.d.). I love Lucy and Rosie movies were sit-coms which movies were made after the success of the shows. I love Lucy was able to portray a happy couple who lived in a low-pitched apartment in New York. In this movie, the couple were in pursuit of success and wealth. This si tcom and movie was ranked very high in the country. consequently through the theory of manipulation, the audience can be manipulated to believe in the lifestyle portrayed by the couple in the sitcom and the movie. The husband Ricky, is a Cuban born bandleader in Tropicana, loves his wife very much. Despite the shortcomings of Lucy in her career in showbiz and different get-rich-quick schemes, Ricky was forgiving and stayed beside her all throughout. Rosie on the other hand,

How the World Trade Organization (WTO) Impacts Intellectual Property Essay

How the World Trade Organization (WTO) Impacts Intellectual Property Rights - Essay ExampleFinally, economics affects the governments by determining a nations financial resources needed in the sustenance of the countrys requirements. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body charged with the indebtedness of regulating trade between the opposite countries engaged in occupation activities. For example, the WTO standardizes trading policies by finding a common ground between the different domestic policies in existent, in the different nations (Kroll, 1999). Intellectual property rights are a crucial issue of contention between countries engaged in trading activities on an international level (Kroll, 1999). This is because of the differences in policies regarding the ownership and transference of this right from one person to another. The WTO continues to resolve disputes arising with regard to intellectual property rights by providing a standardized set of rules us ed in the judgment of these cases (Kroll, 1999). Compare and contrast free trade and protectionist theories Free trade is a product of capitalism which replaced the one time popular mercantilism (Craig, 1994). Through the recognition of individual rights to own and dispose of property, capitalism thrived. Capitalism allows for privatization of wealth and the subsequent reduction of restrictions on trade thereof free trade (Craig, 1994). Free trade is an economic provision for exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the government especially in view of foreign trade. In this scenario, the traders utilize the principle of comparative advantage meaning both parties benefit from the trade interactions (Craig, 1994). Matters of guiding policies dictate that free trade ought to rely on come out and demand which governs the prices and availability of the goods and services (Craig, 1994). However, comparative advantage, demand and supply do not guarantee fair trade. No netheless, free trade is a charitable institution on which competitive markets thrive. It is easy for states and individuals to accumulate wealth and gunner profits from exporting and importing when they practice free trade (Craig, 1994). Protectionist theorists, on the other hand, comment capitalism and the principle of free trade. Like mercantilism, protectionist theories hold that the governments control on the importation, exportation and other forms of foreign trade is imperative and exceedingly beneficial to the nation and individuals (Craig, 1994). Through policies such as tariffs, import quotas export subsidies and exchange rates the government controls the processes of importation and exportation. Some states even impose embargoes on individuals and firms (Craig, 1994). These protectionist principles have one significant benefit. They favor domestic trade through increased domestic demand and expansion of domestic industries. Elements of protectionism also protect a stat e against predatory pricing and may subsequently lower the chances of inflation in an economy (Craig, 1994). In view of international trade, firms, individuals and governments prefer the distributional strength to the aggregate effect of a policy or strategy (Craig, 1994). When it comes to free trade, the result will be a net gain. On the other hand, dependent trade encompasses net loss. Therefore, most economies prefer designer strategies to a strictly outlined one. Free trade is the

The Case of Samsung Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The of Samsung - Case Study ExampleSolutions to the three issues require the inclusion of decision-making, strategical planning, and goal setting. The line of contest can be solved by acquiring competitive advantage (Mars, 2009). Samsung can acquire this advantage by focusing on creating more(prenominal) appealing features to their products so as to attract more customers and establish customer loyalty. The problem of unproductive foodstuffing strategies can be solved through market specialization in specific expertise for specific markets. Price fluctuation can be solved by developing a plan that helps to pick up foreign countries exchange rates (Lindros, 2014). With this knowledge, a company can take financial actions in a more systematic manner. What the case of Samsung tells about strategic management is that it is a comprehensive process that involves a systematic set of activities that rely on resources and clearly defined actions. In terms of resource, the company relies on human and material resources as well as raw materials to be able to deliver. Strategic management also relies on teamwork specifically through a product marketing team that ensures the handset division controls risks and competition from other handset providers such as Nokia. The Case of ZespriAs a large exporter of kiwifruit, Zespri experiences three main(prenominal) issues that include competition, market instability and fluctuating foreign exchange rates. Zespri faces great competition from other producers of kiwifruit in China and Italy as well as competition from other alternative crops.

Law Enforcement Function Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law Enforcement Function - Assignment ExampleThere are several steps towards approaching this baby-sit, and the number decreases at for each one step due to weakening. This model is crucial as it has been known to prevent the overcrowding of the criminal justice. This has an influence on the police department because the criminal justice starts with the umbrage being committed and a careful follow up on the crime is done (Reichel, 2002). Therefore, the fact that it prevents the overcrowding of the criminal justice shows that the number of trials decline and the overall number of people imprisoned reduces significantly. This has proved to save man hours, as well as money.The wedding cake model is an illustration on how disparate cases are grouped in a sequential manner according to their sensitivity, with the less sensitive case at the bottom and the more sensitive at the top. In a police department, the wedding has or so influence as it follows the unalike layers to know the s tand of the judiciary (Reichel, 2002).The most sensitive cases attract different reactions from the public, which may give incorrect information about the criminal justice process. During the processing of the case, this model ensures that each layer is handled according to each item-by-item and that quasi(prenominal) cases are treated systematically, which is very helpful in a police department (Reichel, 2002).The third model is the net model, which is an illustration on why some cases never proceed to the court of law. In this model, a clear illustration is given on why some offenders are allowed to exit while others contest only to find themselves entrapped, and this is important in the police department (Reichel, 2002).The structure and procedure of a police department differ from crime control model to due process models as illustrated hereunder. The purpose of the crime control department is to prevent department by all means by considering the safety of an individual over the right of

Theme 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theme 3 - Essay Example commute process within an brass, and gum olibanum there is a lot that the management can do to enhance the success of the change process (Martini, 201082).In arguing for the assertion by (Mullins 2010 753), that the management has little it can do about resistance to change, it is apparent that the management cannot force change on the organizational stakeholders such as the employees, considering that change has to emanate from within (Shao-His, Ying-Fang & Shao-Wen, 2012747). Whenever change is externally driven, it will result to resistance and where resistance is not apparent, the change process will be sabotaged by those conflicting to it, or they may quit where it is apparent that change must occur. The problem with this is that, the organization may lose its valuable assets in the quitting employees (Phillips, 1983191).Nevertheless, to argue against the assertion by (Mullins 2010 753), it is apparent that the management can do a lot about resistance t o change within an organization. This principle can be demonstrated easy by the case Remaking JC Penneys Organizational Culture, where Myron E. Ullman, who was appointed to the position of the chairman and CEO of JC Penney Corporation in 2004, had an elaborate plan on how he could introduce change to the organization, through making the organization a great work place for the employees (ICMR, 20072). However, he was faced with a lot of resistance, considering that the organization had a culture of rigidity and formal employee relationship spanning over the past 100 years (ICMR, 20072). The rigid rules of addressing the managers formally and dressing strictly in accordance with the organizational dress code had made the environment in the organization tense.This resulted to the inability of the organization to attract unfermented talent or retain new recruits, while the employee turnover increased (ICMR, 20073). Nevertheless, after Ullman and the newly hired human resource manager , Michael Theilmann

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming EssayGlobal warming causes changes in the earths run patterns that have disastrous effects. Global warming or anthropogenic global warming is defined as the gradual increase in the earths surface temperature. One of the major causes for this phenomenon has been attributed to the increase in the quantity of certain gases in the tune that cause the greenhouse effect. The radiation received from the sun by the earth is retransmitted by the earth into space, but the wavelength of the retransmitted radiation is greater than that of the incident radiation. The gases present in the atmosphere absorb this radiation and this action results in change magnitude the earths temperature. Carbon dioxide is the predominant greenhouse gas. Some of the otherwise greenhouse gases ar water vapor, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydroflouro one Cs, perfluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons. Industrialization and deforestation are the chief factors that have cau sed this increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Further, the ever increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are modifying the composition of the atmosphere, thereby leading to global climatic changes.For instance, the period 1995 to 2006, was witness to the warmest atmospheric temperatures. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or the IPCC had estimated in the year 2001 that the linear warming trend from 1906 to 2005 of 0. 74? C was higher than the corresponding trend for the period from 1901 to 2000 when it was only 0. 6? C (Webb, Barlow, Whetton, May 2007). Moreover, the increase in global temperatures has wrought widespread climatic changes. The melting of glaciers and ice deposits near the poles and the thermal expansion of the oceans has brought about an increase in the ocean level.Heavy rains are being caused due to the changes in the patterns of venturesomeness and an increase in the number of hurricanes was observed. In addition, an i ncrease occurred in the average intensity and duration of these hurricanes, due to the correlation of hurricanes with the surface temperatures of the tropical seas. Furthermore, other natural catastrophes like floods, droughts, heat waves and tornadoes exhibited intensification in their duration and cycles. In addition, global warming causes changes in agricultural output, glacier movements and summer stream flows and the extinction of certain species.Other addendum causes are the spreading of infectious diseases like malaria. Scientists predict that the effects of global warming would last up to the year 2100 because carbon dioxide would persist from fifty to 2 hundred years (Cause and effect for global warming). Deforestation is one of the main reasons for the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, because trees convert most of the carbon dioxide to oxygen. In addition, importunate of fossil fuels increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.For instance, in the year 1987 a large area of the Amazon rain forest was burned down and this yearning released nearly five hundred tons of carbon dioxide into the earths atmosphere. Further the conflagrant of forests would result in a reduction of the number trees, which would increase the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere and thereby enhance the greenhouse effect. Modern civilization entails the use of cars, power stations and industrialization, which are factors that contribute to global warming. The main contributors to this subroutine of global warming are the United States, the European counties and China (Global Warming).In addition to carbon dioxide, which comprises more than half of the greenhouse gases, there are other gases that also contribute to the greenhouse effect. Methane is released due to activities like coal mining, oil excavations and the ruin of fossil fuels. Agriculture is the chief contributor of methane and cattle emit methane into the atmosphere when they chew th eir food. As the world population increases, the activities of agriculture are also increased thereby the emissions of methane also increases.Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas that is emitted during the burning of fossil fuels. Chlorofluorocarbons are emitted by air conditioners, refrigerators and aerosols and their molecules are ten thousand times more effective in absorbing heat than carbon dioxide molecules. Moreover, they pass away for a hundred and ten years in the atmosphere (Global Warming). Oceans absorb carbon dioxide, but when the oceans heat up their ability to absorb carbon dioxide diminishes. Moreover, methane, which is find in the ocean bed, is released due to the warming of the oceans.Global warming raises temperature levels and it has been observed that the temperature at poles rises more than that of other regions on the earth. This causes the melting of glaciers and ice at the poles, which would hike up raise the sea level. Occurrences of storms and hurricanes b ecome more frequent due to global warming, because the heated oceans produce more water vapor. Continental farmlands suffer a greater depletion of water due to the heavy evaporation and there is decrease in the groundwater levels. These factors serve to increase the possibility of droughts.Due to the melting of the polar ice caps the sea level may rise by twenty to fifty centimeters by the year 2050, which would result in the inundation of the coastal areas (Global Warming). In order to thrash the problem of global warming it is essential to contain fossil fuel combustions, ban the use of CFCs completely and plant more trees. Energy conservation pass on help to diminish fossil fuel burning and efforts have to be made to find alternate transportation modes that will replace petrol and diesel fuelled cars. Moreover, cars that meet the eco friendly standards only should be manufactured.Deforestation should be completely stopped and afforestation should be initiated on a war footing. In the absence of such measures, the future of this planet is grim and life would be seriously endangered.References Cause and effect for global warming. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 9, 2007, from http//timeforchange. org/cause-and-effect-for-global-warming Global Warming. (n. d. ). Retrieved Septeber 9, 2007, from http//www. ypte. org. uk/docs/factsheets/env_facts/glob_warm. html Webb, L. , Barlow, S. , Whetton, P. (May 2007). Climate Change Raises the heating system on Wineries. Australasian Science , Vol. 28, Issue 4 Pg 20.

Arguments on Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Arguments on Utilitarianism EssayWhich is to a greater extent valu open a game of push-pin or the study of Latin? Which has greater worth the behavior of a single young girl or the lives of an entire community? These ar the sorts of questions raised when dealing with the thing of utilitarianism. According to Jeremy Bentham, the father of the theory, the supreme clean goal of human beings should be to increase pleasure and to decrease pain. To maximize the amount of time spent in case, and minimize the times of depression. And he has a point. Simply stated like that, everyone can agree that that is definitely something they want to achieve.But when his theory is applied to real-life conditions, the varying answers and resulting situations arent always applicable with such a cut-and-dry cure-all. Contrary to Benthams theory, just because doing something may seem to create an overall better situation than not doing something, it doesnt necessarily mean that it should be done . When he states his place, Bentham seems to seduce taken into account all of the variables. He affirms that the meters of right and wrong, and the chains of cause and effect, will influence what exactly promotes pleasure and prevents pain (306).He also recognizes that the total of people being affected is a contributing factor as to whether something is ultimately beneficial or detrimental (311). Drawing upon these recognized facts, Bentham goes so distant as to create a virtual mathematical equation for determining utility Including intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, and purity as factors of what qualifies as blessedness, and thereby, righteousness (311). But this in itself is absurd, as it is impossible to gauge the properties he proposes.He does not, and can not, provide a scale with which to measure how certain, how intense, or how pure the goodness level of something is. Nor is he able to quantify the overall amount of utility one law or reason offers to an entire population under government which is what he suggests at the mop up of his theory (312). It can be conceded that the utility of a rule should be considered during its establishment, as in general rules should be for the greater good and therefore the greater happiness. But there are other factors that come into play that Bentham neglects to recognize.In Ivans Challenge, Fyodor Dostoevsky suggests a striking situation in which utility is obviously not the unaccompanied factor in determining its morality (333). He conjures up a circumstance where a small, young girl is to be sacrificed for the edifice of human destiny, the ultimate aim of which is to bring people happiness, to give them peace and contentment at last? (333). With her death, the salvation of the entire community is achieved. At first glance, and in Benthams eyes, its a simple equation. One is lesser than infinity.Her death would be justified because the lives of so many others would be saved. But, he fa ils to consider human emotion. Living with the fact that a young child had to have died in order for themselves to live may not necessarily be a life of cheerfulness. Further much, by calling this a justified situation, Bentham is putting a price on human life. This action in itself is immoral. Also, its an example of a situation where its not really a matter of increasing happiness. Putting a value on a human life is an action in which no party is gaining or losing contentment directly.It doesnt beseem into Benthams equation, and apart from it, is an immoral action that should not ethically be able to exist passively beside his main theory of morals by utility. In run down(p) to this flaw, Bentham fails to acknowledge the notion that all pleasures are not created constitute. In his first writing, The Principle of Utility, he only manages to recognize the aspect of quantity, and it is in a second, Push-Pin and Poetry, that he proceeds to debunk the possibility of varying qualitie s of pleasure. To Bentham, there are different kinds of pleasure, but one is not greater or better than another.He breaks them down into two different categories 1, arts and sciences of amusement and curiosity, and 2, arts and sciences of simple and immediate utility (200). Those of amusement he associates with the fine arts, such as poetry, painting, or architecture, and are generally appreciated aesthetically (200). Those of curiosity he associates with sciences and history, such as the study of foreign languages or biology (200). Those of simple utility are more basic, such as a game of push-pin (200). They are ordinary things that can be enjoyed by anyone.He goes on to say that, prejudice apart, the game of push-pin is of equal value with the fine arts and sciences of music and poetry (200). His only concession is that if music and science are placed above a game of push-pin in utility, it is only because those individuals are more difficult to please (200). Nowhere does he ackn owledge that those difficult individuals are correct or justified in absent a more stimulating source of excitement. Nowhere does he consent that the thrill of curing a disease through the study of medicine overpowers the shortened amusement of a board game.But, John Stuart Mill, a supporter of the philosophy of utilitarianism, does. He begins by citing a major criticism of utility, which is that many people observe that the idea of life having no high end besides pleasure? no better and nobler object of desire and pursuit is degrading and dishonorable (201). His bother is that it is only degrading if the accusation supposes human beings to be capable of no pleasures except those of which swine are capable (201). This is obviously not the case. We would not be content simply rolling in mud and gorging ourselves on tangerine rinds.Humans require more stimulation and excitement in order to achieve happiness than an animal, such as swine, with lesser faculties. It is better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied (Mill 203). To be able to fully appreciate and understand the higher pleasures, such as love and friendship, is so much more rewarding than the simple contentments of physical gratification. Despite the truth that a fool or a swine may lead a more content life, it is only because they require less to achieve contentment.This supplements Benthams statement of a person who prefers poetry to push-pin being more difficult to please. Bentham just fails to see that human beings in their usual healthy, intelligent forms are all difficult to please. All in all, the philosophy of utilitarianism is an acceptable standard of morality? on most occasions. There will always be situations where what is truly moral does not fully satisfy the idea of existence disengage from pain and rich in enjoyments. And, contrary to Bentham, there are pleasures that are of higher quality than others, just as there are pains more severe than others.Works Cited Bentham, Jeremy. Push-Pin and Poetry. Ethics. Ed. Peter Singer. Oxford University Press immature York, 1994. 199-200. Bentham, Jeremy. The Principle of Utility. Ethics. Ed. Peter Singer. Oxford University Press New York, 1994. 306-312. Mill, John Stuart. Higher and Lower Pleasures. Ethics. Ed. Peter Singer. Oxford University Press New York, 1994. 201-205. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Ivans Challenge. Ethics. Ed. Peter Singer. Oxford University Press New York, 1994. 332.